понедельник, 19 апреля 2010
inet_observer пишет в ru_learnenglish
@ 2010-04-12 15:03:00
Phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs часто становятся камнем преткновения в изучении английского языка. Во-первых, их слишком много (более 5000). Во-вторых многие из них, впрочем, как и другие глаголы многозначны, причем зачастую знание значений глагола и частицы никак не помогает понять значение phrasal verb. В-третьих, частота употребления данного phrasal verb практически никогда не указывается. В-четвертых, процесс образования новых phrasal verbs продолжается по сей день, особенно в молодежной среде.
Ниже приводятся два упражнения на phrasal verbs из числа самых употребительных. Все они (17 phrasal verbs) взяты из Longman's WordWise Dictionary (англоязычный толковый словарь самого нижнего уровня сложности - В1 или В2, в котором приводится всего три с небольшим сотни phrasal verbs, причем у них указывается, как правило, одно-два значения – самых важных).
Первое задание: ниже приводятся 17 предложений, в каждом из которых пропущена частица (предлог или наречие, в зависимости от phrasal verb), а также список из 20 частиц – три из них лишние, чтобы не было уж совсем скучно. Вставьте частицы на свом места. После обреза дается ответ.
Частицы: across away back down down for for in in off off on on out out out out over to up
Предложения:
1. A fire had broken ______ at the airport.
2. This kind of music has really caught _______ in Britain.
3. The government plans to crack ______ on drug dealers.
4. I fell ______ George the first time I met him.
5. Those girls are always falling _____ with each other.
6. You can trust Jim - he'd never let you_____.
7. "I'll let you ______ this time," the policeman said.
8. It didn't occur _______ me that she could be lying.
9. Why do you always pick ______ me?
10. I made a mistake, but you don't need to keep rubbing it_____!
11. I'd like to win, but I'll settle ______ second place.
12. He is standing ______ for Jenny while she has her baby.
13. Mrs Hudson took ______ as head teacher last term.
14. The movement of the waves wears the rocks______
15. The effect of the drug takes a few hours to wear______.
16. All these parties are wearing me ______!
17. We need to work _______where we're going to live.
keys1. A fire had broken out at the airport.
2. This kind of music has really caught on in Britain.
3. The government plans to crack down on drug dealers.
4. I fell for George the first time I met him.
5. Those girls are always falling out with each other.
6. You can trust Jim - he'd never let you down.
7. "I'll let you off this time," the policeman said.
8. It didn't occur to me that she could be lying.
9. Why do you always pick on me?
10. I made a mistake, but you don't need to keep rubbing it in!
11. I'd like to win, but I'll settle for second place.
12. He is standing in for Jenny while she has her baby.
13. Mrs Hudson took over as head teacher last term.
14. The movement of the waves wears the rocks away.
15. The effect of the drug takes a few hours to wear off.
16. All these parties are wearing me out!
17. We need to work out where we're going to live.
Есть еще один способ, как учить phrasal verbs: в предложениях пропущена не частица, а сам глагол. Ниже дается список из 17 предложений, где частица стоит на месте, а пропущен основной глагол. Все phrasal verbs те же самые, что и в вышеприведенном упражнении, хотя они могут употребляться в другом значении (также из числа самых употребительных). Глаголы в списке даются в словарной форме. В предложении ее , возможно, придется изменить.
Список глаголов: break catch crack fall let occur pick rub settle stand take wear work (некоторые из глаголов используются не по одному разу)
Предложения:
1. Machines have _______ over much of the work people used to do in factories.
2. The design on the necklace has _______ away.
3. How do you manage to ________ out your shoes so quickly?
4. Everything _______ out fine in the end.
5. The worst feeling is having ________ our fans down.
6. The police are _______ down hard on violent crime.
7. I couldn't afford the house I really wanted, so I had to _______ for second best.
8. Three men have _______out of a top security jail.
9. It was funny for a while but the novelty soon ________ off.
10. Why don't you _______ on someone else for a change?
11. He invented a new game, but it never really ________ on.
12. Would you mind ________ in for me for a while?
13. Was he trying to ______ in the fact that he didn't think much of me?
14. It had never ________ to him that he might be falling in love with her.
15. Carrie's always ________ out with people.
16. I think young criminals are _______ off far too lightly.
17. He is too smart to ________ for that trick.
Многие phrasal verbs порождают существительные. Так break out в значении, использованном в первом упражнении, дает существительное outbreak, а в значении из второго упражнения порождает существительное breakout. Еще несколько пар: crack down – crackdown, let down – letdown (= disappointment), stand in – stand-in, take over – takeover. Также прилагательное weary (= very tired) явно связано с глаголом wear sb out.
Также обратите внимание на большое количество значений глагола work out.
Отдельный вопрос – где ставить объект по отношению к частям phrasal verb? Проще всего, если объекта нет вовсе, например, в случае catch on или wear off. В большинстве случаев объект может находится между глаголом и частицей или после частицы, при этом местоимения ставятся между глаголом и частицей; короткие фразы (или одно существительное) – и там, и там; объект, выраженный длинной фразой, всегда направляется в конец. В нашем списке такие глаголы – это let sb/sth down, rub sth in, take sth over, wear sth away, work sth out. Однако, это правило далеко не всегда работает.Бывает, что объект всегда стоит после частицы (которая в этом случае является предлогом, что, правда, в практическом смысле знать вовсе не обязательно), например, fall for sb, occur to sb, pick on sb, settle for sth. Именно по этой причине говорят occur to me или pick on me, то есть месттоимение стоит после частицы, а не в середине, как, казалось бы, должно быть по общему правилу. Бывает также, что объект всегда стоит между глаголом и частицей. В нашем случае это let sb/sth off и wear sb out. Уточнить позицию объекта можно по Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
И последнее: не забывайте, что phrasal verbs, как и другие иностранные слова проще запомнить в составе фразы, которая относится лично к Вам или к Вашему непосредственному окружению.
А сейчас ответ:
1. Machines have taken over much of the work people used to do in factories.
2. The design on the necklace has worn away.
3. How do you manage to wear out your shoes so quickly?
4. Everything worked out fine in the end.
5. The worst feeling is having let our fans down.
6. The police are cracking down hard on violent crime.
7. I couldn't afford the house I really wanted, so I had to settle for second best.
8. Three men have broken out of a top security jail.
9. It was funny for a while but the novelty soon wore off.
10. Why don't you pick on someone else for a change?
11. He invented a new game, but it never really caught on.
12. Would you mind standing in for me for a while?
13. Was he trying to rub in the fact that he didn't think much of me?
14. It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her.
15. Carrie's always falling out with people.
16. I think young criminals are let off far too lightly.
17. He is too smart to fall for that trick.Phrasal verbs-2
Phrasal verbs-2
Список частиц: away behind down down down for off off off on out out out over round through up up up up
1. There is no evidence to bear ______ this idea.
2. Don't worry, it'll soon blow _____.
3. Before you go camping, draw ______ a list of equipment you'll need.
4. Dad's dropped ______ in front of the telly again.
5. I give ______. What's the answer?
6. The school laid ______ strict rules about appearance.
7. The children made _____ stories and drew pictures to go with them.
8. It was so hot I nearly passed ______.
9. The old factory was pulled ______ in 1995.
10. The doctors thought he might not pull ______.
11. Hurry up! We're running ______ of time!
12. A bomb went ______ in the city centre.
13. We both got carried ______ by our feelings for each other.
14. She is falling _______ in her school work.
15. Exercise can help you wind _______ after work.
16. He deliberately says that to wind me _____!
17. I've written ______ for an application form.
keys-21. There is no evidence to bear out this idea.
2. Don't worry, it'll soon blow over.
3. Before you go camping, draw up a list of equipment you'll need.
4. Dad's dropped off in front of the telly again.
5. I give up. What's the answer?
6. The school laid down strict rules about appearance.
7. The children made up stories and drew pictures to go with them.
8. It was so hot I nearly passed out.
9. The old factory was pulled down in 1995.
10. The doctors thought he might not pull through.
11. Hurry up! We're running out of time!
12. A bomb went off in the city centre.
13. We both got carried away by our feelings for each other.
14. She is falling behind in her school work.
15. Exercise can help you wind down after work.
16. He deliberately says that to wind me up!
17. I've written off for an application form.
Обращаю внимание на прилагательные wound up и made-up (=вымышленный), а также на существительное write-off.
phrasal verbs 2.1.Список глаголов: bear blow carry draw drop fall give go lay make pass pull run wind write
Предложения:
1. After he left, the party started to _______ down.
2. Why don't you ______ up smoking?
3. They weren't speaking to each other, but I think it's ______ over now.
4. The milk has ______ off.
5. I've got money you can borrow if you ______ out.
6. My old school was _______down.
7. I nearly _______ out when I saw all the blood.
8. She kept _______ off at her desk.
9. Companies that are not market-driven risk _______ behind the competition.
10. It's time to ______ things up - I have a plane to catch.
11. When you're the boss you can ______ up your own rules.
12. Evidence _______ out the idea that students learn best in small groups.
13. The contract _______ down that the work must be completed before 2025.
14. His injuries are severe but he's expected to _______ through.
15. It's easy to get ________ away when you can do so much with the graphics software.
16. A taxi _______ up at the gate.
17. After six months of work, we eventually ________ the project off as a non-starter.keys 2.1
1. After he left, the party started to wind down.
2. Why don't you give up smoking?
3. They weren't speaking to each other, but I think it's blown over now.
4. The milk has gone off.
5. I've got money you can borrow if you run out.
6. My old school was pulled down.
7. I nearly passed out when I saw all the blood.
8. She kept dropping off at her desk.
9. Companies that are not market-driven risk falling behind the competition.
10. It's time to wind things up - I have a plane to catch.
11. When you're the boss you can make up your own rules.
12. Evidence bears out the idea that students learn best in small groups.
13. The contract laid down that the work must be completed before 2025.
14. His injuries are severe but he's expected to pull through.
15. It's easy to get carried away when you can do so much with the graphics software.
16. A taxi drew up at the gate.
17. After six months of work, we eventually wrote the project off as a non-starter.
@настроение:
допишу анализ и займусь... ведь все-таки сейчас английский у нас, да. xD
@темы:
церебральный секс,
.en